Your Body Can Use Only One Energy System at a Time.

• Overview of
  Energy Systems
• Intensity &
  Duration
• Practical examples
  from unlike sports
• Energy Systems
  Misconceptions
• Watch
  Video

Energy Systems and their awarding to preparation principles

Introduction

Practice physiology is underpinned by the energy systems. When we exercise our body is constantly working to supply muscles with plenty energy to keep going. The way energy is made available to muscles changes depending on the specific intensity and duration of exercise

Content

• Function of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
• Glycolysis – aerobic and anaerobic
• Principles of preparation – intensity and elapsing
• Energy system continuum
• Free energy systems application to sport

Overview of the Free energy Systems

• Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) is the only free energy source for all bodily functions and activities (movements)
• When ATP is used for free energy production it must be replenished
• The body can furnish (recreate) ATP aerobically or anaerobically
• Where is 1 Aerobic Energy Arrangement which requires oxygen to replenish ATP and two Anaerobic Energy Systems that can recreate ATP to produce free energy without the need of oxygen

These are the 3 Energy Systems

• ATP-PC System or Alactic Organisation – ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) are present in very minor amounts in the muscle cells. The arrangement tin can supply free energy very speedily because oxygen is not needed for the process. No lactic acid is produced in the process (Alactic)
• Anaerobic Glycolysis or Lactic Acrid System uses carbohydrates (glucose) stored in the muscles equally Glycogen. Because no oxygen is required to re-synthesise ATP, energy is produced chop-chop. Also because no oxygen is used in the procedure lactic acid is produced as an stop product.
• Aerobic System – This system uses carbohydrates (glucose/glycogen) and fats to furnish ATP. Because oxygen is required for the process, energy production takes a little longer but can continue for a much longer duration. Because of the presence of oxygen, no lactic acrid is produced.

Intensity and elapsing

The free energy systems are all working at the aforementioned fourth dimension (See Energy Continuum). However the predominant Energy Organization used to re-supply ATP depends on 3 things: -

• INTENSITY of exercise. (How difficult you are working). The more intense the exercise the greater corporeality of (Anaerobic Energy) – Creatine phosphate and muscle glycogen will exist used. Low to medium intensity exercise will use predominantly the aerobic system
• Duration of do. (How long you are exercising). E.M. If the exercise is high intensity and lasts over 2 minutes then both CP and Muscle Glycogen will become depleted and need repaying. Intensity of do will drop equally the aerobic system becomes more than dominant.
• FITNESS LEVEL of the performer. Individual levels of both aerobic and anaerobic fitness will impact on the predominant energy system being used. A higher level of aerobic fitness will mean it will take a performer longer to attain the Anaerobic Threshold (The signal at which the performer gets more than free energy from the anaerobic systems rather than aerobic). This is benign because when a performer begins to work anaerobically there is only a express supply of energy available (PC and muscle glycogen - upwardly to 2 minutes max). If the exercise continues to increment and then the performer will run out of anaerobic free energy and return to using aerobic whereby functioning volition then drib. This tin can be seen at the concluding few stages of the multi stage fettle examination where the performer struggles to stay in time with the 'beeps' and eventually has to stop.
  The greater the anaerobic fitness the longer the performer can work in the anaerobic zone. In reality virtually people have anaerobic stores that concluding only over a minute. A trained performer tin can last up to 2 minutes, and besides be able to 'tolerate' greater amounts of lactic acid in their muscles.

In practice, all these factors piece of work together to make up one's mind which are the predominant energy systems beingness used during the activity.

Quick revision

• The energy systems piece of work together to replenish ATP.
• The 3 energy systems are the ATP-PC, Anaerobic Glycolysis and Aerobic.
• The energy systems all work together at the same time to go on replenishing ATP. At no betoken will only 1 energy system will be used, merely at that place is oftentimes a predominant system.
• The predominant free energy system used during exercise volition depend on the intensity and duration of the activity and the individual's levels of fitness.
• ATP-PC arrangement is predominantly used during maximum intensity activities lasting no longer than 10 seconds.
• Anaerobic Glycolysis arrangement is predominantly used for high intensity activities lasting approximately i minute
• Aerobic organisation is predominantly used during medium to depression intensity activity.
• The predominant energy system being used at remainder is the aerobic organization.
• The predominant energy arrangement used during exercise volition depend on the intensity and duration of the activeness and the private's levels of fitness.
• ATP-PC system is predominantly used during maximum intensity activities lasting no longer than x seconds.
• Anaerobic Glycolysis system is predominantly used for high intensity activities lasting approximately 1 infinitesimal.
• Aerobic arrangement is predominantly used during medium to low intensity activity.
• The predominant energy organization being used at rest is the aerobic organisation.

It is important to exist able to provide applied sporting examples of when each of the energy organisation is being predominantly used. Good knowledge and agreement is demonstrated by beingness able to highlight the link between intensity and duration of practice equally well equally the individual's level of fitness to the predominant energy organization existence used.

Applied Examples From Different Sports

Example 1. In netball the ATP-PC system would be the predominant energy system used when a Heart sprints at maximum intensity or 100% to get into space to receive the brawl.

The candidate has therefore demonstrated with the example that there is a direct link between the ATP-PC organization and maximum or 100% intensity.

Example 2. The Anaerobic Glycolysis or lactic acid system would exist predominantly used in netball when a centre works at a high intensity for elapsing of up to twoscore seconds. This could occur if a team fails to score, resulting in a prolonged menstruation of play. Too during this time most of the CP stores would have been depleted, therefore the trunk would rely on the anaerobic glycolysis system for energy.

The candidate has demonstrated with the instance that the anaerobic glycolysis system is high intensity and is used over longer periods of anaerobic exercise. The answer also shows further cognition through the link betwixt the depletion of CP as the predominant energy source and the use of muscle glycogen as the predominant source.

Example iii. The Aerobic Arrangement would be predominantly used by a middle in netball in medium to low intensity phases of play when the ball is out of play or when returning for a centre pass when a goal has been scored. An increased level of aerobic fitness would be mean the centre would take longer to reach anaerobic threshold and therefore would maintain anaerobic energy stores for longer which ways a college intensity tin can exist maintained throughout the duration of the game.

The candidate has used an appropriate example to make the link between depression to medium intensity exercise and the aerobic system. There is likewise understanding of how aerobic fitness levels influence the predominant free energy organization used.

Key points Covered

• Energy Continuum is the interchanging of the energy systems during do
• The free energy organisation being predominantly used is dependent on the type of activity being performed.
• The predominant energy system being used volition depend on the intensity and duration of exercise and the fitness level of the performer.

Applied Application/explanation

In reality, the energy systems never piece of work in isolation and are ALL working at different percentages at dissimilar times. E.G. when jogging the torso will withal be using a very small proportion of the ATP-PC system and when sprinting the Aerobic arrangement will besides be used albeit in very modest amounts. Every bit stated the per centum use of each of the energy systems will be constantly changing particularly in games blazon sports where the intensity and duration of the exercise being performed is constantly changing. For example during a game of football a wide player may dart down the line beating defenders using approximately

• 85% ATP-PC
• 13% Anaerobic Glycolysis
• 2% Aerobic

And so when he stops to prepare to cross the ball when confronted by a defender the proportion of each arrangement will change considering the intensity of the exercise will drib and hence the proportion of the energy systems existence used will change:

• 30% ATP-PC
• 50% Anaerobic Glycolysis
• 20% Aerobic

At the end of a match, competition or action the proportion of each energy arrangement will exist totalled. Examples of this can be seen in the tabular array beneath.

Quick Check

• All the energy systems work together in varying proportions to replenish ATP
• The factors that decide the proportions of the energy systems used are intensity and duration of the practise and the fitness levels of the individual.
• Threshold - The point at which the predominant energy system being used cannot provide sufficient ATP to maintain the current intensity of exercise. E.One thousand The threshold for the CP/lactic acid arrangement is approximately ten seconds (afterwards very high intensity exercise) later this the stores are depleted and the Anaerobic Glycolysis organisation will become the predominant system to provide ATP.
• Anaerobic Threshold – The indicate that which the aerobic system cannot sustain free energy product (ATP replenishment) at this intensity and the anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acrid) system becomes the predominant organization.

Practical Application/caption

A mutual misconception with energy systems and the energy continuum is that during exercise the body will replenish ATP using i system (east.g. aerobic) and then as intensity gets harder the body switches completely to another system (anaerobic Glycolysis)then as it gets harder once more, just the ATP-PC is used. In practise, every bit the intensity increases there will be a gradual move towards the anaerobic glycolysis and ATP-PC systems from the aerobic system, but the aerobic system will still be helping to replenish ATP.

Every bit with the free energy systems the candidates must link the energy continuum to the intensity and duration of the exercise and fitness level of the performer if appropriate inside the answer (see Energy Systems peak tips).

Exam Way Questions

1. What is the 'Free energy Continuum' and explain the factors that determine the free energy systems used during practise. (five)
2. Compare the energy demands of 2 different sporting activities of your pick. Estimate and justify the contribution of each of the three energy systems for each activeness

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